# Payroll deductions > Amounts withheld from an employee's gross pay each pay period, covering mandatory statutory obligations such as income tax and social insurance, plus any voluntary amounts the employee has consented to. Payroll deductions are amounts subtracted from an employee's gross salary before they receive their take-home pay. They fall into two groups: statutory and voluntary. Statutory deductions are required by law and include income tax, social insurance or national insurance contributions, and, in some countries, unemployment or healthcare levies. Every country sets its own rates and thresholds, so the exact amounts vary considerably. In the United Kingdom, employees pay income tax through Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and Class 1 National Insurance contributions (NICs). In the United States, employees pay federal income tax plus Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes covering Social Security and Medicare. Voluntary deductions are optional amounts an employee agrees in writing to have withheld, such as pension top-ups, private health cover, charitable giving schemes, or salary-sacrifice arrangements. As an employer, you are responsible for calculating, withholding, and remitting every deduction to the correct authority on time, which is one of the core obligations managed when you hire through a global employment platform. ## What is the difference between statutory and voluntary deductions? Statutory deductions are set by law and must be taken whether the employee asks for them or not. Voluntary deductions are extras the employee has explicitly consented to in writing, such as additional pension contributions or a cycle-to-work scheme. Both types appear on the payslip so the employee can see exactly what has been withheld and why. Voluntary deductions never reduce an employee's pay below any applicable national minimum wage floor. ## How do deduction rates vary by country? Every country sets its own rates, thresholds, and contribution caps, so two employees on identical salaries can end up with very different take-home pay depending on where they work. Some countries add regional or state-level taxes on top of national ones. For example, in the UK for 2026/27, employees pay 8% Class 1 NICs on weekly earnings between £242 and £967, then 2% above that. In the US for 2026, employees pay 7.65% in combined FICA taxes on earnings up to the Social Security wage base of $184,500, with Medicare applying to all earnings. ## Who is responsible for making sure deductions are correct? The employer, or the entity that formally employs the worker, is legally responsible for calculating, withholding, and paying every statutory deduction to the right authority by the right deadline. Errors can trigger penalties and interest. When you hire internationally through a global employment platform, the platform acts as the legal employer in each country and takes on this compliance obligation on your behalf, covering local income tax, social contributions, and any country-specific levies. ## Key facts - **US FICA employee rate (2026):** 7.65% combined (Source: IRS Topic No. 751, verified 2026-06-24) - **UK employee Class 1 NIC rate (2026/27):** 8% main rate, 2% above upper limit (Source: GOV.UK, Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027, verified 2026-06-24) ## Frequently asked questions ### Do payroll deductions differ for contractors versus employees? Yes. Employees have statutory deductions withheld by their employer. Self-employed contractors are typically responsible for paying their own taxes and social contributions directly to the tax authority, which is one reason misclassifying a worker as a contractor carries serious risk. ### Can an employer make deductions without the employee's agreement? Statutory deductions can be made without consent because the law requires them. Voluntary deductions, such as pension top-ups or health insurance premiums, need the employee's written agreement before any amount can be withheld. ### What happens if deductions are calculated incorrectly? Under-withholding can leave the employee with an unexpected tax bill and the employer with penalties and interest from the tax authority. Over-withholding means the employee receives less take-home pay than they are owed. Both errors require correction and can damage trust. ### Are pension contributions a statutory or voluntary deduction? It depends on the country. In the UK, auto-enrolment means pension contributions are mandatory for eligible employees, making them statutory in practice. In other countries they may be voluntary. Either way, the contribution rules and minimum rates are set nationally and must be followed. ## Sources - [Topic no. 751, Social Security and Medicare withholding rates](https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc751), Internal Revenue Service (IRS) - [Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/rates-and-thresholds-for-employers-2026-to-2027), GOV.UK / HMRC - [National Insurance rates and categories](https://www.gov.uk/national-insurance-rates-letters), GOV.UK - [2026 Payroll Tax Guide: Social Security Wage Bases and FICA Rates](https://bsi.com/2026-payroll-tax-rates-updated-social-security-wage-bases-and-fica-rates/), Business Software Inc. _Last updated 2026-06-24. Reviewed by Teamed's in-house employment-law team. Source: https://www.teamed.global/glossary/payroll-deductions_